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Final Publication - Volume 5

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Volume 5, Hellenistic to Roman Period

Susan Schütz

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lists, Abbreviations
Preface, Acknowledgements,
Introduction by Susan Schütz/Jutta Häser
Bibliography

1. RELEVANT HISTORICAL INFORMATION AND PERIODISATION

1.1. The Hellenistic Period
1.2. The Roman Period
1.3. Periodisation
1.4. Definition of the Decapolis

2. STRATUM 8: HELLENISTIC PERIOD

2.1. General Information
2.2. Complexes Stratum 8
2.2.1. Complex A: Outer Settlement
2.2.2. Complex B: Enclosing Wall
2.2.3. Complex C: Residential Development
2.2.3.1. Comparable Settlement Types
2.2.3.2. Phoenician Influence at the Tall Zirā‘a?
2.2.4. Complex D: Entrance Area to the Settlement
2.2.5. Features in Area I
2.3. Find Analysis
2.3.1. Pottery
2.3.1.1. Distribution of Pottery Finds
2.3.1.2. Repertoire of Shapes
2.3.1.3. Terracotta Head TZ 007430-001
2.3.1.4. Summary
2.3.2. Metal Finds
2.3.2.1. Distribution of Metal Finds
2.3.2.2. Repertoire of Shapes
2.3.2.3. Regarding the Potential for Interpreting Nails and their Usage
2.3.2.4. Summary
2.3.3. Coins
2.3.3.1. Ptolemaic Coins
2.3.3.2. Seleucid Coins
2.3.3.3. Hasmonean Coins
2.3.3.4. Unspecified Hellenistic Coins
2.3.3.5. Summary
2.3.4. Glass Finds
2.3.4.1. Distribution of Glass Finds
2.3.4.2. Repertoire of Shapes
2.3.4.3. Summary
2.3.5. Animal Bones
2.3.5.1. Distribution of Bone Finds
2.3.5.2. Identifying the Bone Finds
2.3.5.3. Summary
2.3.6. Stone Finds
2.3.6.1. Distribution of Stone Finds
2.3.6.2. Repertoire of Shapes
2.3.6.3. Summary
2.4. Overall Evaluation of the Hellenistic Stratum

3. STRATUM 7c, 7b, 7a: EARLY ROMAN PERIOD

3.1. General Information
3.2. Complexes Stratum 7 c: First Construction Phase
3.2.1. Complex A: House with Olive/Wine Press
3.2.2. Complex B: House Structure
3.2.3. Complex C: House Structure
3.2.4. Complex D: Residential and Farm Building
3.2.4.1. Stratum 7 b: First Reconstruction Phase
3.2.4.2. Stratum 7 a: Second Reconstruction Phase
3.2.4.3. Comparable Domestic Developments
3.2.4.4. Additional Features from Stratum 7 Area I
3.2.5. Complex E: Farmstead
3.2.5.1. Considerations on Reconstruction
3.2.5.2. Room Descriptions
3.2.5.3. Farmsteads in the Region of Israel and Jordan
3.2.5.4. Farmyards and Projections – Architectural Features
3.2.5.5. Summary
3.2.6. Complex F: Building Structure

4. STRATUM 6c, 6b, 6a: (EARLY) ROMAN PERIOD

4.1. General Information
4.2. Complexes Stratum 6 c: First Construction Phase
4.2.1. Complex D: Living Quarters
4.2.1.1. Stratum 6 b: First Reconstruction Phase
4.2.1.2. Stratum 6 a: Second Reconstruction Phase
4.2.1.3. Additional Contexts from Stratum 6 Area I
4.2.1.4. Summary
4.2.2. Complex E: Farmstead
4.2.2.1. Room Backfill E 1 – E 12
4.2.2.2. Reconstruction and Room Filling E 13 – E 26
4.2.2.3. Summary
4.2.3. Complex F: Residential Structure
4.2.3.1. Further Contexts from Stratum 6 Area II
4.2.4. Geomagnetic Surveys
4.3. Evaluation of Finds from Stratum 7 and 6
4.3.1. Pottery
4.3.1.1. Distribution of Pottery Finds
4.3.1.2. Repertoire of Shapes
4.3.1.3. Pottery Wheels (Bearings) and Handmade Pottery
4.3.1.4. Summary
4.3.2. Metal Finds
4.3.2.1. Distribution of Metal Finds
4.3.2.2. Repertoire of Shapes
4.3.2.3. Summary
4.3.3. Coins
4.3.3.1. Herodian Coins
4.3.3.2. Early Roman Imperial Coins
4.3.3.3. Summary
4.3.4. Glass Finds
4.3.4.1. Distribution of Glass Finds
4.3.4.2. Repertoire of Shapes
4.3.4.3. Summary 231
4.3.5. Animal Bones
4.3.5.1. Distribution of Bone Finds
4.3.5.2. Assessment of the Bone Material
4.3.5.3. Worked Bones
4.3.5.4. A Falcon-headed Shell in the Style of the Tridacna Clams
4.3.5.5. Summary
4.3.6. Stone Finds
4.3.6.1. Distribution of Stone Finds
4.3.6.2. Repertoire of Shapes
4.3.6.3. Summary 246
4.3.7. Wall Paintings
4.4. Dating
4.4.1. Features Relevant for Dating: Stratum 7
4.4.2. Features Relevant for Dating: Stratum 6
4.4.3. Summarising Consideration of the Dating Taking into Account the Evaluation of Finds
4.5. Overall Evaluation of Roman Strata

5. CONCLUSION

6. PLATES AND CATALOGUE OF FINDS FROM TALL ZIRĀ‘A

6.1. Catalogue of Selected Hellenistic Ceramic Finds
6.2. Catalogue of Hellenistic Coins
6.3. Catalogue of Selected Hellenistic Glass Finds
6.4. Catalogue of Selected Metal Finds (Repertoire of forms, Stratum 8) (without plates)
6.5. Catalogue of Selected Bone Finds (Stratum 8) (without plates)
6.6. Catalogue of Selected Stone Finds (Stratum 8) (without plates)
6.7. Catalogue of Selected Early Roman Ceramic Finds
6.8. Catalogue of Selected Early Roman Ceramic Finds (without plates)
6.9. Catalogue of Early Roman Coins
6.10. Catalogue of Middle and Late Roman Coins
6.11. Catalogue of Indefinite Coins
6.12. Catalogue of Roman Glass
6.13. Catalogue of Selected Metal Finds (Repertoire of forms, Strata 7 and 6) (without plates)
6.14. Catalogue of Selected Bone and Mollusc Finds (Stratum 7 and 6) (without plates)
6.15. Catalogue of Selected Stone Finds (Strata 7 and 6) (without plates))
6.16. Catalogue of Selected Wall Paintings (Strata 7 and 6) (without plates)

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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